黑料门

A court that never closes

Every day, Kateryna Shyroka (LLM 鈥�18), a trial judge on the High Anti-Corruption Court of Ukraine (HACC), hears multiple cases鈥攁nd many of the preceding nights are sleepless because of incoming Russian missiles. Powered by generators, the Kiev-based court has kept going without cease during the war, and has even increased the number and types of cases it hears.

In addition to civil and criminal cases鈥攖he latter required HACC to change its rules to allow remote criminal trials during wartime鈥擧ACC recently began handling administrative cases. This new case category includes financial sanctions for individuals who cannot demonstrate legal acquisition of their assets. Combined with fines levied in civil cases, these sanctions have already redirected about $35 million toward Ukraine鈥檚 military efforts.

When the war ends, Shyroka would like to focus on revising the country鈥檚 criminal legislation, which she says lacks sufficient mechanisms to enforce full accountability for the convicted. A judge since her mid-twenties, she will be able to retire soon, and she hopes to turn her next stage of life to helping Ukraine in strengthening the rule of law and combatting corruption as prerequisites of economic and democratic development.

鈥淚 wouldn鈥檛 call us heroes鈥�well, if we鈥檙e heroes, we鈥檙e tired heroes.鈥�

Meanwhile, though HACC鈥檚 work is exhausting and replete with risk, Shyroka and the other judges 鈥渄o feel satisfaction,鈥� she says.

鈥淚 wouldn鈥檛 call us heroes鈥�well, if we鈥檙e heroes, we鈥檙e tired heroes,鈥� she adds, smiling. 鈥淲e鈥檙e administering justice without interruption in a dangerous situation, because we understand that we can help our army and our government with these cases.鈥�

Protecting Ukrainian refugees

Of the 165,000 Ukrainians currently living in Slovakia, about 103,000 are temporary protection holders. For nearly a decade, Ganna Shvachka, PhD (LLM 鈥�21), has worked for the legal protections and integration of the Ukrainian community in Slovakia鈥攁 task made even more vital since the Russian invasion.

Shvachka, who completed a PROLAW research fellowship in 2022, continues as head of international humanitarian aid projects for Ukraine-Slovakia SOS, under the patronage of the Slovak Republic鈥檚 Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. She also remains head of the civic, refugee-focused association SME SPOLU (meaning 鈥淲e are together鈥� in Slovak).

鈥淲e wouldn鈥檛 be as successful with these initiatives if I hadn鈥檛 studied project management in the PROLAW program.鈥�

鈥淪ME SPOLU is now an implementing partner of two United Nations agencies, UNICEF, UNESCO, and the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR),鈥� Shvachka says. Some of the group鈥檚 current projects are the Ukrainian School in Evacuation, educating Ukrainian children who have refugeed, and the Ukrainian and Slovak House, which provides social inclusion and psychological assistance to Ukrainians traumatized by war. Both are based in Bratislava.

鈥淲e wouldn鈥檛 be as successful with these initiatives if I hadn鈥檛 studied project management in the PROLAW program,鈥� Shvachka says.

Based on her PROLAW research on refugee rights in other countries, she also contributed to an advocacy that helped formally submit the recommendation that the Slovakian government change its law banning refugees from being self-employed. 鈥淚 want to keep making links from my PROLAW research to my current job,鈥� she says.

An eye on interconnections

In Warsaw, Ivankiv is working for the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. As project coordinator for her multi-country region, she helps her team monitor, protect, and train human rights defenders 鈥渨ho face challenges in conducting their work safely and securely, effectively advocating for and communicating about human rights, and taking full advantage of new technologies,鈥� she says.

Much of Ivankiv鈥檚 past research has focused on the right to peace. With this war, 鈥淚 see more evidence to my argument that the violation of the right to peace in one place has immense implications for all of humanity,鈥� she says. 鈥淔or instance, hunger in the global south is growing partly because Ukraine, normally one of the world鈥檚 largest grain supporters, isn鈥檛 able to export grain now. And we鈥檒l see the environmental implications of this war鈥攊ncluding toxic waste and contamination鈥攆or many years to come.鈥�

鈥淲hen Ukraine wins the war, I鈥檇 love to continue to work for my country, even if I don鈥檛 come back to Ukraine.鈥�

Listening to Poles speak about how the Polish diaspora has historically been important to their homeland, Ivankiv sees a significant role for the millions of Ukrainians living abroad: They鈥檙e the face of their home country to much of the world, and, if they decide to stay in their new nations in large numbers, they鈥檒l contribute substantively to those countries鈥� national characters, she says.

鈥淲hen Ukraine wins the war, I鈥檇 love to continue to work for my country, even if I don鈥檛 come back to Ukraine,鈥� Ivankiv says. 鈥淚鈥檝e learned that you don鈥檛 have to be physically in the country to do a lot for it.鈥� 鈥�Gail Mansfield (August 2023)